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REIGN; KING WILLIAM IV{ Rulled in India 1834 - 1835 AD}
COUNTRY ; INDIA
DENOMINATION
INDIAN VALUE
ENGLISH VALUE
HALF ANNA (1/2 ANNA)
HALF PENNY (1/2 PENNY)
ISSUED YEAR ; 1835 AD
METAL ; COPPER
CONDITION ; EXTREMLY FINE
100% GENIUNE & AUTHENTIC
Importance - It looks gorgeous. A nice piece to collect and own. Dont miss it!
Honourable British East India Company
The company's flag initially had the flag of England, the St George's Cross, in the canton
The Honourable East India Company (HEIC), often colloquially referred to as "John Company", was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). It was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. The Royal Charter effectively gave the newly created HEIC a 21 year monopoly on all trade in the East Indies. The Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one that virtually ruled India as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until its dissolution in 1858 following the events of the "Indian Mutiny"(Indian Uprising).
Impact
Based in London, the company presided over the later creation of the British Raj. In 1617, the Company was given trade rights by the Mughal Emperor. 100 years later, it was granted a royal dictate from the Emperor exempting the Company from the payment of custom duties in Bengal, giving it a decided commercial advantage in the Indian trade. A decisive victory by Sir Robert Clive at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 established the Honourable East India Company as a military as well as a commercial power. By 1760, the French were driven out of India, with the exception of a few trading posts on the coast, such as Pondicherry. In south east Asia, the company would establish the first trading posts and exert its military dominance leading to the eventual establishment of British Malaya, Hong Kong and Singapore as British Crown Colonies.
The Company also had interests along the routes to India from Great Britain. As early as 1620, the company attempted to lay claim to the TableMountain region in South Africa, later it occupied and ruled St Helena. Piracy was a severe problem for the Company. This problem reached its peak in 1695, when pirate Henry Avery captured the Great Mughal's treasure fleet. The Company was held responsible for that raid, because according to Indian popular opinion of the time, all pirates were by definition English. Later, the Company unsuccessfully employed Captain Kidd to combat piracy in the Indian Ocean; it also cultivated the production of tea in India. Other notable events in the Company's history were that it held Napoleon captive on St Helena, and made the fortune of Elihu Yale. Its products were the basis of the Boston Tea Party in Colonial America.
Its shipyards provided the model for St Petersburg, while elements of its administration, the Honourable East India Company Civil Service (HEICS), survive in the Indian Civil Service (ICS). Its corporate structure was the most successful early example of a joint stock company. However, the demands of Company officers on the treasury of Bengal contributed tragically to the province's incapacity in the face of a famine, which killed millions of people in 1770-1773.
History
The foundation yearsThe Company was founded as The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies by a coterie of enterprising and influential businessmen, who obtained the Crown's charter for exclusive permission to trade in the East Indies for a period of fifteen years. The Company had 125 shareholders, and a capital of £72,000. Initially, however, it made little impression on the Dutch control of the spice trade and at first it could not establish a lasting outpost in the East Indies. Eventually, ships belonging to the company arrived in India, docking at Surat, which was established as a trade transit point in 1608. In the next two years, it managed to build its first factory (as the trading posts were known) in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the Company after landing in India (presumably owing to a reduction in overhead costs effected by the transit points), initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licenses to other trading companies in England. But, in 1609, he renewed the charter given to the Company for an indefinite period, including a clause which specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
The Company was led by one Governor and 24 directors who made up the Court of Directors. They were appointed by, and reported to, the Court of Proprietors. The Court of Directors had ten committees reporting to it.
Footholds in India
Traders were frequently engaged in hostilities with their Dutch and Portuguese counterparts in the Indian Ocean. A key event providing the Company with the favour of Mughal emperor Jahangir was their victory over the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally in 1612. Perhaps realizing the futility of waging trade wars in remote seas, the English decided to explore their options for gaining a foothold in mainland India, with official sanction of both countries, and requested the Crown to launch a diplomatic mission. In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe was instructed by James I to visit the Mughal emperor Jahangir (who ruled over most of the subcontinent, along with Afghanistan). The purpose of this mission was to arrange for a commercial treaty which would give the Company exclusive rights to reside and build factories in Surat and other areas. In return, the Company offered to provide to the emperor goods and rarities from the European market. This mission was highly successful and Jahangir sent a letter to the King through Sir Thomas Roe. He wrote:
Upon which assurance of your royal love I have given my general command to all the kingdoms and ports of my dominions to receive all the merchants of the English nation as the subjects of my friend; that in what place soever they choose to live, they may have free liberty without any restraint; and at what port soever they shall arrive, that neither Portugal nor any other shall dare to molest their quiet; and in what city soever they shall have residence, I have commanded all my governors and captains to give them freedom answerable to their own desires; to sell, buy, and to transport into their country at their pleasure.
For confirmation of our love and friendship, I desire your Majesty to command your merchants to bring in their ships of all sorts of rarities and rich goods fit for my palace; and that you be pleased to send me your royal letters by every opportunity, that I may rejoice in your health and prosperous affairs; that our friendship may be interchanged and eternal.
I try to honestly describe everything I sell, but please view the pictures and grade for yourself. No warranties are expressed or implied in my opinion of the grades, grading is an art, not a science. Several subjective factors of personal preference may be considered different by others. These include color, toning, strike, blemishes, and overall eye appeal. It is possible that two people will not always grade the same item alike. Also, as market conditions change, grading standards change, and will most likely continue to do so in the future. Each Bidder's own examination of the item(s) is the criterion and not the grade represented by another.
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*The estimated delivery time is based on the seller's dispatch time, the postal service selected, and when the seller receives cleared payment. Sellers are not responsible for shipping service transit times. Transit times may vary, particularly during peak periods.
IF YOUR NOT SATISFIED WITH THE ITEM THEN RETURN WILL BE ACCEPTED WITH IN 15 DAYS RETURN SHIPPING CHARGE SHOULD BE PAY BY BUYER SELLER WILL NOT PAY THE SHIPPING CHARGES ALL THE ITEM WILL BE POST BY INDIAN REISTER AIRMAIL WITH TRACKING NUMBER. I WILL SHIP THE ITEM WITH IN 2-3 DAYS AFTER CLEAR PAYMENT AND ALSO I REQUEST INTERNATINAL BUYER TO HAVE SOME PATIEN TO RECIEVE THERE ITEM IT TAKES MINIMUM 15 - 25 DAYS TO ARRIVE THE ITEM FROM INDIA AND SOME TIMES IT ALSO TAKES 30 - 45 DAYS IT DEPENDS ON INDIAN POST.
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PLEASE DO NOT BID MY ITEM UNTIL YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH MY SHIPPING SERVICE YES I GIVE COMBINE SHIPPING DISCOUNT PLEASE PAY FOR EACH ADDITIONAL ITEM 1.8 GBP AND IN 1 CONSIGNMENT I WILL SHIP ONLY 4 - 5 ITEM NOT MORE THEN THAT AND IF YOU BUYING MORE THEN 5 ITEM PLEASE PAY EXACT SHIPPING CHARGES FOR 1ST ITEM AS MENTION AND FOR EACH ADDITIONAL ITEM PLEASE PAY ONLY 1.8 GBP
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