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ANCIENT
AEGEAN CIVILISATION
It is well known and firmly established that the Aegean Archipelago has
been the cradle of civilisation. Most Aegean islands have been the birth place
of a number of ancient Greek scientists, men and women. It may be noted as an
example that the island
of Samos has given birth
to not less than 17 ancient scientists.
Haakon Smedsvig Hanssen
Professor of Philosophy at Agder Norway
“Theophrastos
the Eresian”
(Eresos
- Lesbos, 372-287 BCE )
QUOTE
“Philosopher,
mahtematician, botanist, agriculturalist
The
most important direct student of Aristoteles.
Aristoteles
and Theophrastos are considered to be the founders of Botanic and Mineralogy.
He
was the first director of the “ Botanic Garder “ , founded by Aristoteles at
the banks of the river Ilissos in Athens.
It was reported by Diogenes Laertios that teaching materials were used there.
A
list of 240 writings of Theophrastos was saved by Diogenes Laertios.
Mentioned
by Vitruvious and Stobaios.
WORK
“
Histories on plants “- 9 books.
Classification
of thee characteristics of plants and description of the differences among
them.
“ On
plant reason “. 6 books.
The
continuation of the previous writing. He tries to explain the reasons of the
differences between the plants, based on the theory of the 4 aristotelian
reasons. Matery, kind, moving and end. In both the above works not only are the
observations of medicals and experienced agriculturals included but also his
personal knowledge infact.
The
examination of the plants is detailed and many descriptions could have been
written today. The total number of the plants, flourishing around the Mediterranean and the Orient, is 550. The plants are divided
into trees, bushes, brushwood and grasses. The latter are divided into
vegetables, decorating and pharmaceutical. The parts of the plants are divided
into multiroots, fewroots, oneroot, deciduous and evergreens. The trees are
straight growing and loongleaved, offsets and nonoffsets, thinbarks,
smoothbarks and rootbarks.
The
wood is nonfibrous, venous, notty, unknotty, easy to cut, fragile, heavy.
In
the 3rd book of the first writing 50 forest trees are described in
detail. In the 4th book the plant geography the duration of life and
the diseases are analyzed. The 5th book examines the wood quality,
the 6th the brushwood plants, the 7th and 8th
the grasses, the field plants peas and beans. Finally the 9th book
epitomizes the plant juices, the resin, the tar, the oils and the healing power
of plants and roots. He describes the natural juices and the poisons. It is a
typical pharmaceutical writing. Theophrastos was the first to use many botanic
terms like panicle, grape, white cedar, cornel rhubarb, avocado, mastix.
He
was the first to discover under the bark of trees cambium. He recognized that
the leaves contribute to the nourishment of the plants and also that every leaf
has a limited region of spreading.
In
the writing “ History on plants “ accurate observations refer to the spread of
many plants form India.
Theophrastos
elaborated on the rich botanic material which was collected by the scientists
following Alexander in India.
He mentioned that in Hellas lemon trees, fig
trees, almond trees and pomegranate trees were cultivated. After the expedition
of Alexander the Great the cultivation of cherry trees, and cotton was
imported. The writings of Diocles the Carystian were the model of Theophrastos΄ works.
“ On
stones “An excerpt of a more detailed writing on mineralogy which includes
valuable information about the elaboration of stones by the ancient Greeks.
“ On
fire “
“ On
smells “
“ On
winds “
“ On
signs of waters, spitits, winters and calm seas “
UNQUOTE
HELIAS I. BARTZOULIANOU PUBLISHING CO., ATHENS, 2004, ISBN: 978-960-89745-1-7, pp. 244 (in
Greek Language as a translation from the Norwegian)
VALUABLE FOR RESEARCHERS
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SECTORS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE-CULTURE-PHILOSOPHY-ECONOMIC
THEORY AND HISTORY.
THERE ARE, PRESENTLY,
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